I am having the exact error trying to use Here API in Delphi 12. In Delphi 11 the http get url works fine. When I use the exact same url with coordinates and code in Delph 12 I get the exact error you describe. It happens with indy http and TNetHttpClient components.
Just as you describe, the url works from Chrome and Edge but returns the error from the Delphi 12 app.
I have been fighting with this for days. Have you found a solution?