Did you deploy that application in debug mode? If you did, then the application will be signed with debug key stored in debug.keystore that is located in C:\Users\YOURUSERNAME\AppData\Roaming\Embarcadero\BDS\XX.0 where XX is the Delphi release version. For Athens that is 23.0, for Alexandria it is 22.0....
One you install your application on a phone, you always need to sign it with same key, otherwise you need to uninstall the application and install it again, but when doing so, you will lose all local files visible to that application and new application signed with different key. The similar would ahppen if you would switch between debug and release keys.
Because release key is the one that matters the most, Delphi allows you to specify the location of the release keystore, but when it comes to the debug keystore, if you want to use the same one you need to manually, copy it from previous version folder into a new version folder where it will be picked up, instead of being automatically generated again.
You cannot copy your files to the local application storage from the outside. If you want to do that you would have to implement import feature in your application that would be able to copy files from public folder to application local folder.
There are possibly some ways to handle local application storage through adb connection, but I have never done that.