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What are you trying to achieve here? As Stefan says, why aren't you declaring these as records to begin with? And why would you want to make anything here a variable. Seems like this area of Physics is pretty much fixed!

https://polywickstudio.net/development-diary/Accelerate-your-Apps-using-the-Superluminal-Performance-Profiler

Hello everyone. From a post in the international Lazarus forum ( https://forum.lazarus.freepascal.org/index.php/topic,71183.msg555336.html#msg555336 ) I noticed the use of the "absolute" directive to actually initialize an array of records. By defining an initialized array of strings, these are then fully matched to an array of records. I knew about the "absolute" directive, but honestly I have never seen it applied (or at least I have never noticed it, I vaguely remember seeing it in Indy). Apart from other ways to obtain the same results, does the definition as it was made have any contraindications other than the pure reading of an element of the record (I think of its writing or passing as a "var" to some processing method)? Sample: const TABLE_SIZE = 118; //118*3 -1 = array size TABLE_DATA: array[0..pred(TABLE_SIZE * 3)] of string = ( 'H', 'Hydrogen', '1.00794', 'He', 'Helium', '4.002602', 'Li', 'Lithium', '6.941', 'Be', 'Beryllium', '9.012182', 'B', 'Boron', '10.811', 'C', 'Carbon', '12.0107', 'N', 'Nitrogen', '14.0067', 'O', 'Oxygen', '15.9994', 'F', 'Fluorine', '18.9984032', 'Ne', 'Neon', '20.1797', 'Na', 'Sodium', '22.98976...', 'Mg', 'Magnesium', '24.305', 'Al', 'Aluminium', '26.9815386', 'Si', 'Silicon', '28.0855', 'P', 'Phosphorus', '30.973762', 'S', 'Sulfur', '32.065', 'Cl', 'Chlorine', '35.453', 'Ar', 'Argon', '39.948', 'K', 'Potassium', '39.948', 'Ca', 'Calcium', '40.078', 'Sc', 'Scandium', '44.955912', 'Ti', 'Titanium', '47.867', 'V', 'Vanadium', '50.9415', 'Cr', 'Chromium', '51.9961', 'Mn', 'Manganese', '54.938045', 'Fe', 'Iron', '55.845', 'Co', 'Cobalt', '58.933195', 'Ni', 'Nickel', '58.6934', 'Cu', 'Copper', '63.546', 'Zn', 'Zinc', '65.38', 'Ga', 'Gallium', '69.723', 'Ge', 'Germanium', '72.63', 'As', 'Arsenic', '74.9216', 'Se', 'Selenium', '78.96', 'Br', 'Bromine', '79.904', 'Kr', 'Krypton', '83.798', 'Rb', 'Rubidium', '85.4678', 'Sr', 'Strontium', '87.62', 'Y', 'Yttrium', '88.90585', 'Zr', 'Zirconium', '91.224', 'Nb', 'Niobium', '92.90628', 'Mo', 'Molybdenum', '95.96', 'Tc', 'Technetium', '(98)', 'Ru', 'Ruthenium', '101.07', 'Rh', 'Rhodium', '102.9055', 'Pd', 'Palladium', '106.42', 'Ag', 'Silver', '107.8682', 'Cd', 'Cadmium', '112.411', 'In', 'Indium', '114.818', 'Sn', 'Tin', '118.71', 'Sb', 'Antimony', '121.76', 'Te', 'Tellurium', '127.6', 'I', 'Iodine', '126.90447', 'Xe', 'Xenon', '131.293', 'Cs', 'Caesium', '132.9054', 'Ba', 'Barium', '132.9054', 'La', 'Lanthanum', '138.90547', 'Ce', 'Cerium', '140.116', 'Pr', 'Praseodymium', '140.90765', 'Nd', 'Neodymium', '144.242', 'Pm', 'Promethium', '(145)', 'Sm', 'Samarium', '150.36', 'Eu', 'Europium', '151.964', 'Gd', 'Gadolinium', '157.25', 'Tb', 'Terbium', '158.92535', 'Dy', 'Dysprosium', '162.5', 'Ho', 'Holmium', '164.93032', 'Er', 'Erbium', '167.259', 'Tm', 'Thulium', '168.93421', 'Yb', 'Ytterbium', '173.054', 'Lu', 'Lutetium', '174.9668', 'Hf', 'Hafnium', '178.49', 'Ta', 'Tantalum', '180.94788', 'W', 'Tungsten', '183.84', 'Re', 'Rhenium', '186.207', 'Os', 'Osmium', '190.23', 'Ir', 'Iridium', '192.217', 'Pt', 'Platinum', '195.084', 'Au', 'Gold', '196.966569', 'Hg', 'Mercury', '200.59', 'Tl', 'Thallium', '204.3833', 'Pb', 'Lead', '207.2', 'Bi', 'Bismuth', '208.9804', 'Po', 'Polonium', '(209)', 'At', 'Astatine', '(210)', 'Rn', 'Radon', '(222)', 'Fr', 'Francium', '(223)', 'Ra', 'Radium', '(226)', 'Ac', 'Actinium', '(227)', 'Th', 'Thorium', '232.03806', 'Pa', 'Protactinium', '231.0588', 'U', 'Uranium', '238.02891', 'Np', 'Neptunium', '(237)', 'Pu', 'Plutonium', '(244)', 'Am', 'Americium', '(243)', 'Cm', 'Curium', '(247)', 'Bk', 'Berkelium', '(247)', 'Cf', 'Californium', '(251)', 'Es', 'Einstenium', '(252)', 'Fm', 'Fermium', '(257)', 'Md', 'Mendelevium', '(258)', 'No', 'Nobelium', '(259)', 'Lr', 'Lawrencium', '(262)', 'Rf', 'Rutherfordium', '(267)', 'Db', 'Dubnium', '(268)', 'Sg', 'Seaborgium', '(271)', 'Bh', 'Bohrium', '(272)', 'Hs', 'Hassium', '(270)', 'Mt', 'Meitnerium', '(276)', 'Ds', 'Darmstadium', '(281)', 'Rg', 'Roentgenium', '(280)', 'Cn', 'Copernicium', '(285)', 'Nh', 'Nihonium', '(286)', 'Fl', 'Flerovium', '(289)', 'Mc', 'Moscovium', '(290)', 'Lv', 'Livermorium', '(293)', 'Ts', 'Tennessine', '(294)', 'Og', 'Oganesson', '(294)'); var Elements : array[0..pred(TABLE_SIZE)] of record Symbol : string; Name : string; Mass : string; end absolute TABLE_DATA; { absolute, don't program without it !! } procedure XXXXX begin for var i in Elements do begin ShowMessage(i.Symbol+' / '+i.Name+' / '+i.Mass); end; end; Thanks EDIT: the question is for TABLE_DATA defined as "var" of course, not as "const" ...

Perhaps a little rework into a record will remove the whole question of the absolute directive completely. So that you get the point of the additional benefits I see from such structure, to have much more related informations included and easy extendable. This way you can use the right types for specific fields, not all as strings. unit PeriodicTable; interface uses System.SysUtils, System.Math; { TElementRecord encapsulates properties of a chemical element } type TElementRecord = record AtomicNumber : Integer; // Ordnungszahl Symbol : string; // Elementsymbol Name : string; // Elementname AtomicMass : Double; // Atommasse in u HasStableIsotopes : Boolean; // True, wenn stabile Isotope existieren Group : Integer; // Gruppennummer (0=unknown) Period : Integer; // Periode (0=unknown) Electronegativity : Double; // (0=unknown) IonizationEnergy : Double; // erste Ionisierungsenergie in eV (0=unknown) AtomicRadius : Double; // Kovalenter Radius in pm (0=unknown) ElectronConfig : string; // Elektronenkonfiguration (' '=unknown) Density : Double; // Dichte in g/cm³ (0=unknown) MeltingPoint : Double; // Schmelzpunkt in K (0=unknown) BoilingPoint : Double; // Siedepunkt in K (0=unknown) OxidationStates : string; // (''=unknown) Abundance : Double; // Natürliche Häufigkeit in ‰ (0=unknown) end; { Enumeration of all 118 elements } TElement = ( elH, elHe, elLi, elBe, elB, elC, elN, elO, elF, elNe, elNa, elMg, elAl, elSi, elP, elS, elCl, elAr, elK, elCa, elSc, elTi, elV, elCr, elMn, elFe, elCo, elNi, elCu, elZn, elGa, elGe, elAs, elSe, elBr, elKr, elRb, elSr, elY, elZr, elNb, elMo, elTc, elRu, elRh, elPd, elAg, elCd, elIn, elSn, elSb, elTe, elI, elXe, elCs, elBa, elLa, elCe, elPr, elNd, elPm, elSm, elEu, elGd, elTb, elDy, elHo, elEr, elTm, elYb, elLu, elHf, elTa, elW, elRe, elOs, elIr, elPt, elAu, elHg, elTl, elPb, elBi, elPo, elAt, elRn, elFr, elRa, elAc, elTh, elPa, elU, elNp, elPu, elAm, elCm, elBk, elCf, elEs, elFm, elMd, elNo, elLr, elRf, elDb, elSg, elBh, elHs, elMt, elDs, elRg, elCn, elNh, elFl, elMc, elLv, elTs, elOg ); { Helper with utilities } TElementHelper = record helper for TElement function ToRecord: TElementRecord; function Symbol: string; function Name: string; // Including HasStableIsotopes bracket convention function MassString: string; function MassValue: Double; class function Count: Integer; static; class function FromSymbol(const ASym: string): TElement; static; class function FromMass(const AMass, ATolerance: Double = 1e-6): TArray<TElement>; static; end; const Elements: array[TElement] of TElementRecord = ( (AtomicNumber:1; Symbol:'H'; Name:'Hydrogen'; AtomicMass:1.00794; HasStableIsotopes:true; Group:0;Period:0;Electronegativity:0;IonizationEnergy:0;AtomicRadius:0;ElectronConfig:'';Density:0;MeltingPoint:0;BoilingPoint:0;OxidationStates:'';Abundance:0), (AtomicNumber:2; Symbol:'He'; Name:'Helium'; AtomicMass:4.002602; HasStableIsotopes:true; Group:0;Period:0;Electronegativity:0;IonizationEnergy:0;AtomicRadius:0;ElectronConfig:'';Density:0;MeltingPoint:0;BoilingPoint:0;OxidationStates:'';Abundance:0), (AtomicNumber:3; Symbol:'Li'; Name:'Lithium'; AtomicMass:6.941; HasStableIsotopes:true; Group:0;Period:0;Electronegativity:0;IonizationEnergy:0;AtomicRadius:0;ElectronConfig:'';Density:0;MeltingPoint:0;BoilingPoint:0;OxidationStates:'';Abundance:0), (AtomicNumber:4; Symbol:'Be'; Name:'Beryllium'; AtomicMass:9.012182; HasStableIsotopes:true; Group:0;Period:0;Electronegativity:0;IonizationEnergy:0;AtomicRadius:0;ElectronConfig:'';Density:0;MeltingPoint:0;BoilingPoint:0;OxidationStates:'';Abundance:0), (AtomicNumber:5; Symbol:'B'; Name:'Boron'; AtomicMass:10.811; HasStableIsotopes:true; Group:0;Period:0;Electronegativity:0;IonizationEnergy:0;AtomicRadius:0;ElectronConfig:'';Density:0;MeltingPoint:0;BoilingPoint:0;OxidationStates:'';Abundance:0), (AtomicNumber:6; Symbol:'C'; Name:'Carbon'; AtomicMass:12.0107; HasStableIsotopes:true; Group:0;Period:0;Electronegativity:0;IonizationEnergy:0;AtomicRadius:0;ElectronConfig:'';Density:0;MeltingPoint:0;BoilingPoint:0;OxidationStates:'';Abundance:0), (AtomicNumber:7; Symbol:'N'; Name:'Nitrogen'; AtomicMass:14.0067; HasStableIsotopes:true; Group:0;Period:0;Electronegativity:0;IonizationEnergy:0;AtomicRadius:0;ElectronConfig:'';Density:0;MeltingPoint:0;BoilingPoint:0;OxidationStates:'';Abundance:0), (AtomicNumber:8; Symbol:'O'; Name:'Oxygen'; AtomicMass:15.9994; HasStableIsotopes:true; Group:0;Period:0;Electronegativity:0;IonizationEnergy:0;AtomicRadius:0;ElectronConfig:'';Density:0;MeltingPoint:0;BoilingPoint:0;OxidationStates:'';Abundance:0), (AtomicNumber:9; Symbol:'F'; Name:'Fluorine'; AtomicMass:18.9984032; HasStableIsotopes:true; Group:0;Period:0;Electronegativity:0;IonizationEnergy:0;AtomicRadius:0;ElectronConfig:'';Density:0;MeltingPoint:0;BoilingPoint:0;OxidationStates:'';Abundance:0), (AtomicNumber:10; Symbol:'Ne'; Name:'Neon'; AtomicMass:20.1797; HasStableIsotopes:true; Group:0;Period:0;Electronegativity:0;IonizationEnergy:0;AtomicRadius:0;ElectronConfig:'';Density:0;MeltingPoint:0;BoilingPoint:0;OxidationStates:'';Abundance:0), (AtomicNumber:11; Symbol:'Na'; Name:'Sodium'; AtomicMass:22.98976928; HasStableIsotopes:true; Group:0;Period:0;Electronegativity:0;IonizationEnergy:0;AtomicRadius:0;ElectronConfig:'';Density:0;MeltingPoint:0;BoilingPoint:0;OxidationStates:'';Abundance:0), (AtomicNumber:12; Symbol:'Mg'; Name:'Magnesium'; AtomicMass:24.305; HasStableIsotopes:true; Group:0;Period:0;Electronegativity:0;IonizationEnergy:0;AtomicRadius:0;ElectronConfig:'';Density:0;MeltingPoint:0;BoilingPoint:0;OxidationStates:'';Abundance:0), (AtomicNumber:13; Symbol:'Al'; Name:'Aluminium'; AtomicMass:26.9815386; HasStableIsotopes:true; Group:0;Period:0;Electronegativity:0;IonizationEnergy:0;AtomicRadius:0;ElectronConfig:'';Density:0;MeltingPoint:0;BoilingPoint:0;OxidationStates:'';Abundance:0), (AtomicNumber:14; Symbol:'Si'; Name:'Silicon'; AtomicMass:28.0855; HasStableIsotopes:true; Group:0;Period:0;Electronegativity:0;IonizationEnergy:0;AtomicRadius:0;ElectronConfig:'';Density:0;MeltingPoint:0;BoilingPoint:0;OxidationStates:'';Abundance:0), (AtomicNumber:15; Symbol:'P'; Name:'Phosphorus'; AtomicMass:30.973762; HasStableIsotopes:true; Group:0;Period:0;Electronegativity:0;IonizationEnergy:0;AtomicRadius:0;ElectronConfig:'';Density:0;MeltingPoint:0;BoilingPoint:0;OxidationStates:'';Abundance:0), (AtomicNumber:16; Symbol:'S'; Name:'Sulfur'; AtomicMass:32.065; HasStableIsotopes:true; Group:0;Period:0;Electronegativity:0;IonizationEnergy:0;AtomicRadius:0;ElectronConfig:'';Density:0;MeltingPoint:0;BoilingPoint:0;OxidationStates:'';Abundance:0), (AtomicNumber:17; Symbol:'Cl'; Name:'Chlorine'; AtomicMass:35.453; HasStableIsotopes:true; Group:0;Period:0;Electronegativity:0;IonizationEnergy:0;AtomicRadius:0;ElectronConfig:'';Density:0;MeltingPoint:0;BoilingPoint:0;OxidationStates:'';Abundance:0), (AtomicNumber:18; Symbol:'Ar'; Name:'Argon'; AtomicMass:39.948; HasStableIsotopes:true; Group:0;Period:0;Electronegativity:0;IonizationEnergy:0;AtomicRadius:0;ElectronConfig:'';Density:0;MeltingPoint:0;BoilingPoint:0;OxidationStates:'';Abundance:0), (AtomicNumber:19; Symbol:'K'; Name:'Potassium'; AtomicMass:39.0983; HasStableIsotopes:true; Group:0;Period:0;Electronegativity:0;IonizationEnergy:0;AtomicRadius:0;ElectronConfig:'';Density:0;MeltingPoint:0;BoilingPoint:0;OxidationStates:'';Abundance:0), (AtomicNumber:20; Symbol:'Ca'; Name:'Calcium'; AtomicMass:40.078; HasStableIsotopes:true; Group:0;Period:0;Electronegativity:0;IonizationEnergy:0;AtomicRadius:0;ElectronConfig:'';Density:0;MeltingPoint:0;BoilingPoint:0;OxidationStates:'';Abundance:0), (AtomicNumber:21; Symbol:'Sc'; Name:'Scandium'; AtomicMass:44.955912; HasStableIsotopes:true; Group:0;Period:0;Electronegativity:0;IonizationEnergy:0;AtomicRadius:0;ElectronConfig:'';Density:0;MeltingPoint:0;BoilingPoint:0;OxidationStates:'';Abundance:0), (AtomicNumber:22; Symbol:'Ti'; Name:'Titanium'; AtomicMass:47.867; HasStableIsotopes:true; Group:0;Period:0;Electronegativity:0;IonizationEnergy:0;AtomicRadius:0;ElectronConfig:'';Density:0;MeltingPoint:0;BoilingPoint:0;OxidationStates:'';Abundance:0), (AtomicNumber:23; Symbol:'V'; Name:'Vanadium'; AtomicMass:50.9415; HasStableIsotopes:true; Group:0;Period:0;Electronegativity:0;IonizationEnergy:0;AtomicRadius:0;ElectronConfig:'';Density:0;MeltingPoint:0;BoilingPoint:0;OxidationStates:'';Abundance:0), (AtomicNumber:24; Symbol:'Cr'; Name:'Chromium'; AtomicMass:51.9961; HasStableIsotopes:true; Group:0;Period:0;Electronegativity:0;IonizationEnergy:0;AtomicRadius:0;ElectronConfig:'';Density:0;MeltingPoint:0;BoilingPoint:0;OxidationStates:'';Abundance:0), (AtomicNumber:25; Symbol:'Mn'; Name:'Manganese'; AtomicMass:54.938045; HasStableIsotopes:true; Group:0;Period:0;Electronegativity:0;IonizationEnergy:0;AtomicRadius:0;ElectronConfig:'';Density:0;MeltingPoint:0;BoilingPoint:0;OxidationStates:'';Abundance:0), (AtomicNumber:26; Symbol:'Fe'; Name:'Iron'; AtomicMass:55.845; HasStableIsotopes:true; Group:0;Period:0;Electronegativity:0;IonizationEnergy:0;AtomicRadius:0;ElectronConfig:'';Density:0;MeltingPoint:0;BoilingPoint:0;OxidationStates:'';Abundance:0), (AtomicNumber:27; Symbol:'Co'; Name:'Cobalt'; AtomicMass:58.933195; HasStableIsotopes:true; Group:0;Period:0;Electronegativity:0;IonizationEnergy:0;AtomicRadius:0;ElectronConfig:'';Density:0;MeltingPoint:0;BoilingPoint:0;OxidationStates:'';Abundance:0), (AtomicNumber:28; Symbol:'Ni'; Name:'Nickel'; AtomicMass:58.6934; HasStableIsotopes:true; Group:0;Period:0;Electronegativity:0;IonizationEnergy:0;AtomicRadius:0;ElectronConfig:'';Density:0;MeltingPoint:0;BoilingPoint:0;OxidationStates:'';Abundance:0), (AtomicNumber:29; Symbol:'Cu'; Name:'Copper'; AtomicMass:63.546; HasStableIsotopes:true; Group:0;Period:0;Electronegativity:0;IonizationEnergy:0;AtomicRadius:0;ElectronConfig:'';Density:0;MeltingPoint:0;BoilingPoint:0;OxidationStates:'';Abundance:0), (AtomicNumber:30; Symbol:'Zn'; Name:'Zinc'; AtomicMass:65.38; HasStableIsotopes:true; Group:0;Period:0;Electronegativity:0;IonizationEnergy:0;AtomicRadius:0;ElectronConfig:'';Density:0;MeltingPoint:0;BoilingPoint:0;OxidationStates:'';Abundance:0), (AtomicNumber:31; Symbol:'Ga'; Name:'Gallium'; AtomicMass:69.723; HasStableIsotopes:true; Group:0;Period:0;Electronegativity:0;IonizationEnergy:0;AtomicRadius:0;ElectronConfig:'';Density:0;MeltingPoint:0;BoilingPoint:0;OxidationStates:'';Abundance:0), (AtomicNumber:32; Symbol:'Ge'; Name:'Germanium'; AtomicMass:72.63; HasStableIsotopes:true; Group:0;Period:0;Electronegativity:0;IonizationEnergy:0;AtomicRadius:0;ElectronConfig:'';Density:0;MeltingPoint:0;BoilingPoint:0;OxidationStates:'';Abundance:0), (AtomicNumber:33; Symbol:'As'; Name:'Arsenic'; AtomicMass:74.9216; HasStableIsotopes:true; Group:0;Period:0;Electronegativity:0;IonizationEnergy:0;AtomicRadius:0;ElectronConfig:'';Density:0;MeltingPoint:0;BoilingPoint:0;OxidationStates:'';Abundance:0), (AtomicNumber:34; Symbol:'Se'; Name:'Selenium'; AtomicMass:78.96; HasStableIsotopes:true; Group:0;Period:0;Electronegativity:0;IonizationEnergy:0;AtomicRadius:0;ElectronConfig:'';Density:0;MeltingPoint:0;BoilingPoint:0;OxidationStates:'';Abundance:0), (AtomicNumber:35; Symbol:'Br'; Name:'Bromine'; AtomicMass:79.904; HasStableIsotopes:true; Group:0;Period:0;Electronegativity:0;IonizationEnergy:0;AtomicRadius:0;ElectronConfig:'';Density:0;MeltingPoint:0;BoilingPoint:0;OxidationStates:'';Abundance:0), (AtomicNumber:36; Symbol:'Kr'; Name:'Krypton'; AtomicMass:83.798; HasStableIsotopes:true; Group:0;Period:0;Electronegativity:0;IonizationEnergy:0;AtomicRadius:0;ElectronConfig:'';Density:0;MeltingPoint:0;BoilingPoint:0;OxidationStates:'';Abundance:0), (AtomicNumber:37; Symbol:'Rb'; Name:'Rubidium'; AtomicMass:85.4678; HasStableIsotopes:true; Group:0;Period:0;Electronegativity:0;IonizationEnergy:0;AtomicRadius:0;ElectronConfig:'';Density:0;MeltingPoint:0;BoilingPoint:0;OxidationStates:'';Abundance:0), (AtomicNumber:38; Symbol:'Sr'; Name:'Strontium'; AtomicMass:87.62; HasStableIsotopes:true; Group:0;Period:0;Electronegativity:0;IonizationEnergy:0;AtomicRadius:0;ElectronConfig:'';Density:0;MeltingPoint:0;BoilingPoint:0;OxidationStates:'';Abundance:0), (AtomicNumber:39; Symbol:'Y'; Name:'Yttrium'; AtomicMass:88.90585; HasStableIsotopes:true; Group:0;Period:0;Electronegativity:0;IonizationEnergy:0;AtomicRadius:0;ElectronConfig:'';Density:0;MeltingPoint:0;BoilingPoint:0;OxidationStates:'';Abundance:0), (AtomicNumber:40; Symbol:'Zr'; Name:'Zirconium'; AtomicMass:91.224; HasStableIsotopes:true; Group:0;Period:0;Electronegativity:0;IonizationEnergy:0;AtomicRadius:0;ElectronConfig:'';Density:0;MeltingPoint:0;BoilingPoint:0;OxidationStates:'';Abundance:0), (AtomicNumber:41; Symbol:'Nb'; Name:'Niobium'; AtomicMass:92.90628; HasStableIsotopes:true; Group:0;Period:0;Electronegativity:0;IonizationEnergy:0;AtomicRadius:0;ElectronConfig:'';Density:0;MeltingPoint:0;BoilingPoint:0;OxidationStates:'';Abundance:0), (AtomicNumber:42; Symbol:'Mo'; Name:'Molybdenum'; AtomicMass:95.96; HasStableIsotopes:true; Group:0;Period:0;Electronegativity:0;IonizationEnergy:0;AtomicRadius:0;ElectronConfig:'';Density:0;MeltingPoint:0;BoilingPoint:0;OxidationStates:'';Abundance:0), (AtomicNumber:43; Symbol:'Tc'; Name:'Technetium'; AtomicMass:98; HasStableIsotopes:false; Group:0;Period:0;Electronegativity:0;IonizationEnergy:0;AtomicRadius:0;ElectronConfig:'';Density:0;MeltingPoint:0;BoilingPoint:0;OxidationStates:'';Abundance:0), (AtomicNumber:44; Symbol:'Ru'; Name:'Ruthenium'; AtomicMass:101.07; HasStableIsotopes:true; Group:0;Period:0;Electronegativity:0;IonizationEnergy:0;AtomicRadius:0;ElectronConfig:'';Density:0;MeltingPoint:0;BoilingPoint:0;OxidationStates:'';Abundance:0), (AtomicNumber:45; Symbol:'Rh'; Name:'Rhodium'; AtomicMass:102.9055; HasStableIsotopes:true; Group:0;Period:0;Electronegativity:0;IonizationEnergy:0;AtomicRadius:0;ElectronConfig:'';Density:0;MeltingPoint:0;BoilingPoint:0;OxidationStates:'';Abundance:0), (AtomicNumber:46; Symbol:'Pd'; Name:'Palladium'; AtomicMass:106.42; HasStableIsotopes:true; Group:0;Period:0;Electronegativity:0;IonizationEnergy:0;AtomicRadius:0;ElectronConfig:'';Density:0;MeltingPoint:0;BoilingPoint:0;OxidationStates:'';Abundance:0), (AtomicNumber:47; Symbol:'Ag'; Name:'Silver'; AtomicMass:107.8682; HasStableIsotopes:true; Group:0;Period:0;Electronegativity:0;IonizationEnergy:0;AtomicRadius:0;ElectronConfig:'';Density:0;MeltingPoint:0;BoilingPoint:0;OxidationStates:'';Abundance:0), (AtomicNumber:48; Symbol:'Cd'; Name:'Cadmium'; AtomicMass:112.411; HasStableIsotopes:true; Group:0;Period:0;Electronegativity:0;IonizationEnergy:0;AtomicRadius:0;ElectronConfig:'';Density:0;MeltingPoint:0;BoilingPoint:0;OxidationStates:'';Abundance:0), (AtomicNumber:49; Symbol:'In'; Name:'Indium'; AtomicMass:114.818; HasStableIsotopes:true; Group:0;Period:0;Electronegativity:0;IonizationEnergy:0;AtomicRadius:0;ElectronConfig:'';Density:0;MeltingPoint:0;BoilingPoint:0;OxidationStates:'';Abundance:0), (AtomicNumber:50; Symbol:'Sn'; Name:'Tin'; AtomicMass:118.71; HasStableIsotopes:true; Group:0;Period:0;Electronegativity:0;IonizationEnergy:0;AtomicRadius:0;ElectronConfig:'';Density:0;MeltingPoint:0;BoilingPoint:0;OxidationStates:'';Abundance:0), (AtomicNumber:51; Symbol:'Sb'; Name:'Antimony'; AtomicMass:121.76; HasStableIsotopes:true; Group:0;Period:0;Electronegativity:0;IonizationEnergy:0;AtomicRadius:0;ElectronConfig:'';Density:0;MeltingPoint:0;BoilingPoint:0;OxidationStates:'';Abundance:0), (AtomicNumber:52; Symbol:'Te'; Name:'Tellurium'; AtomicMass:127.6; HasStableIsotopes:true; Group:0;Period:0;Electronegativity:0;IonizationEnergy:0;AtomicRadius:0;ElectronConfig:'';Density:0;MeltingPoint:0;BoilingPoint:0;OxidationStates:'';Abundance:0), (AtomicNumber:53; Symbol:'I'; Name:'Iodine'; AtomicMass:126.90447; HasStableIsotopes:true; Group:0;Period:0;Electronegativity:0;IonizationEnergy:0;AtomicRadius:0;ElectronConfig:'';Density:0;MeltingPoint:0;BoilingPoint:0;OxidationStates:'';Abundance:0), (AtomicNumber:54; Symbol:'Xe'; Name:'Xenon'; AtomicMass:131.293; HasStableIsotopes:true; Group:0;Period:0;Electronegativity:0;IonizationEnergy:0;AtomicRadius:0;ElectronConfig:'';Density:0;MeltingPoint:0;BoilingPoint:0;OxidationStates:'';Abundance:0), (AtomicNumber:55; Symbol:'Cs'; Name:'Caesium'; AtomicMass:132.9054; HasStableIsotopes:true; Group:0;Period:0;Electronegativity:0;IonizationEnergy:0;AtomicRadius:0;ElectronConfig:'';Density:0;MeltingPoint:0;BoilingPoint:0;OxidationStates:'';Abundance:0), (AtomicNumber:56; Symbol:'Ba'; Name:'Barium'; AtomicMass:132.9054; HasStableIsotopes:true; Group:0;Period:0;Electronegativity:0;IonizationEnergy:0;AtomicRadius:0;ElectronConfig:'';Density:0;MeltingPoint:0;BoilingPoint:0;OxidationStates:'';Abundance:0), (AtomicNumber:57; Symbol:'La'; Name:'Lanthanum'; AtomicMass:138.90547; HasStableIsotopes:true; Group:0;Period:0;Electronegativity:0;IonizationEnergy:0;AtomicRadius:0;ElectronConfig:'';Density:0;MeltingPoint:0;BoilingPoint:0;OxidationStates:'';Abundance:0), (AtomicNumber:58; Symbol:'Ce'; Name:'Cerium'; AtomicMass:140.116; HasStableIsotopes:true; Group:0;Period:0;Electronegativity:0;IonizationEnergy:0;AtomicRadius:0;ElectronConfig:'';Density:0;MeltingPoint:0;BoilingPoint:0;OxidationStates:'';Abundance:0), (AtomicNumber:59; Symbol:'Pr'; Name:'Praseodymium'; AtomicMass:140.90765; HasStableIsotopes:true; Group:0;Period:0;Electronegativity:0;IonizationEnergy:0;AtomicRadius:0;ElectronConfig:'';Density:0;MeltingPoint:0;BoilingPoint:0;OxidationStates:'';Abundance:0), (AtomicNumber:60; Symbol:'Nd'; Name:'Neodymium'; AtomicMass:144.242; HasStableIsotopes:true; Group:0;Period:0;Electronegativity:0;IonizationEnergy:0;AtomicRadius:0;ElectronConfig:'';Density:0;MeltingPoint:0;BoilingPoint:0;OxidationStates:'';Abundance:0), (AtomicNumber:61; Symbol:'Pm'; Name:'Promethium'; AtomicMass:145; HasStableIsotopes:false; Group:0;Period:0;Electronegativity:0;IonizationEnergy:0;AtomicRadius:0;ElectronConfig:'';Density:0;MeltingPoint:0;BoilingPoint:0;OxidationStates:'';Abundance:0), (AtomicNumber:62; Symbol:'Sm'; Name:'Samarium'; AtomicMass:150.36; HasStableIsotopes:true; Group:0;Period:0;Electronegativity:0;IonizationEnergy:0;AtomicRadius:0;ElectronConfig:'';Density:0;MeltingPoint:0;BoilingPoint:0;OxidationStates:'';Abundance:0), (AtomicNumber:63; Symbol:'Eu'; Name:'Europium'; AtomicMass:151.964; HasStableIsotopes:true; Group:0;Period:0;Electronegativity:0;IonizationEnergy:0;AtomicRadius:0;ElectronConfig:'';Density:0;MeltingPoint:0;BoilingPoint:0;OxidationStates:'';Abundance:0), (AtomicNumber:64; Symbol:'Gd'; Name:'Gadolinium'; AtomicMass:157.25; HasStableIsotopes:true; Group:0;Period:0;Electronegativity:0;IonizationEnergy:0;AtomicRadius:0;ElectronConfig:'';Density:0;MeltingPoint:0;BoilingPoint:0;OxidationStates:'';Abundance:0), (AtomicNumber:65; Symbol:'Tb'; Name:'Terbium'; AtomicMass:158.92535; HasStableIsotopes:true; Group:0;Period:0;Electronegativity:0;IonizationEnergy:0;AtomicRadius:0;ElectronConfig:'';Density:0;MeltingPoint:0;BoilingPoint:0;OxidationStates:'';Abundance:0), (AtomicNumber:66; Symbol:'Dy'; Name:'Dysprosium'; AtomicMass:162.5; HasStableIsotopes:true; Group:0;Period:0;Electronegativity:0;IonizationEnergy:0;AtomicRadius:0;ElectronConfig:'';Density:0;MeltingPoint:0;BoilingPoint:0;OxidationStates:'';Abundance:0), (AtomicNumber:67; Symbol:'Ho'; Name:'Holmium'; AtomicMass:164.93032; HasStableIsotopes:true; Group:0;Period:0;Electronegativity:0;IonizationEnergy:0;AtomicRadius:0;ElectronConfig:'';Density:0;MeltingPoint:0;BoilingPoint:0;OxidationStates:'';Abundance:0), (AtomicNumber:68; Symbol:'Er'; Name:'Erbium'; AtomicMass:167.259; HasStableIsotopes:true; Group:0;Period:0;Electronegativity:0;IonizationEnergy:0;AtomicRadius:0;ElectronConfig:'';Density:0;MeltingPoint:0;BoilingPoint:0;OxidationStates:'';Abundance:0), (AtomicNumber:69; Symbol:'Tm'; Name:'Thulium'; AtomicMass:168.93421; HasStableIsotopes:true; Group:0;Period:0;Electronegativity:0;IonizationEnergy:0;AtomicRadius:0;ElectronConfig:'';Density:0;MeltingPoint:0;BoilingPoint:0;OxidationStates:'';Abundance:0), (AtomicNumber:70; Symbol:'Yb'; Name:'Ytterbium'; AtomicMass:173.054; HasStableIsotopes:true; Group:0;Period:0;Electronegativity:0;IonizationEnergy:0;AtomicRadius:0;ElectronConfig:'';Density:0;MeltingPoint:0;BoilingPoint:0;OxidationStates:'';Abundance:0), (AtomicNumber:71; Symbol:'Lu'; Name:'Lutetium'; AtomicMass:174.9668; HasStableIsotopes:true; Group:0;Period:0;Electronegativity:0;IonizationEnergy:0;AtomicRadius:0;ElectronConfig:'';Density:0;MeltingPoint:0;BoilingPoint:0;OxidationStates:'';Abundance:0), (AtomicNumber:72; Symbol:'Hf'; Name:'Hafnium'; AtomicMass:178.49; HasStableIsotopes:true; Group:0;Period:0;Electronegativity:0;IonizationEnergy:0;AtomicRadius:0;ElectronConfig:'';Density:0;MeltingPoint:0;BoilingPoint:0;OxidationStates:'';Abundance:0), (AtomicNumber:73; Symbol:'Ta'; Name:'Tantalum'; AtomicMass:180.94788; HasStableIsotopes:true; Group:0;Period:0;Electronegativity:0;IonizationEnergy:0;AtomicRadius:0;ElectronConfig:'';Density:0;MeltingPoint:0;BoilingPoint:0;OxidationStates:'';Abundance:0), (AtomicNumber:74; Symbol:'W'; Name:'Tungsten'; AtomicMass:183.84; HasStableIsotopes:true; Group:0;Period:0;Electronegativity:0;IonizationEnergy:0;AtomicRadius:0;ElectronConfig:'';Density:0;MeltingPoint:0;BoilingPoint:0;OxidationStates:'';Abundance:0), (AtomicNumber:75; Symbol:'Re'; Name:'Rhenium'; AtomicMass:186.207; HasStableIsotopes:true; Group:0;Period:0;Electronegativity:0;IonizationEnergy:0;AtomicRadius:0;ElectronConfig:'';Density:0;MeltingPoint:0;BoilingPoint:0;OxidationStates:'';Abundance:0), (AtomicNumber:76; Symbol:'Os'; Name:'Osmium'; AtomicMass:190.23; HasStableIsotopes:true; Group:0;Period:0;Electronegativity:0;IonizationEnergy:0;AtomicRadius:0;ElectronConfig:'';Density:0;MeltingPoint:0;BoilingPoint:0;OxidationStates:'';Abundance:0), (AtomicNumber:77; Symbol:'Ir'; Name:'Iridium'; AtomicMass:192.217; HasStableIsotopes:true; Group:0;Period:0;Electronegativity:0;IonizationEnergy:0;AtomicRadius:0;ElectronConfig:'';Density:0;MeltingPoint:0;BoilingPoint:0;OxidationStates:'';Abundance:0), (AtomicNumber:78; Symbol:'Pt'; Name:'Platinum'; AtomicMass:195.084; HasStableIsotopes:true; Group:0;Period:0;Electronegativity:0;IonizationEnergy:0;AtomicRadius:0;ElectronConfig:'';Density:0;MeltingPoint:0;BoilingPoint:0;OxidationStates:'';Abundance:0), (AtomicNumber:79; Symbol:'Au'; Name:'Gold'; AtomicMass:196.966569; HasStableIsotopes:true; Group:0;Period:0;Electronegativity:0;IonizationEnergy:0;AtomicRadius:0;ElectronConfig:'';Density:0;MeltingPoint:0;BoilingPoint:0;OxidationStates:'';Abundance:0), (AtomicNumber:80; Symbol:'Hg'; Name:'Mercury'; AtomicMass:200.59; HasStableIsotopes:true; Group:0;Period:0;Electronegativity:0;IonizationEnergy:0;AtomicRadius:0;ElectronConfig:'';Density:0;MeltingPoint:0;BoilingPoint:0;OxidationStates:'';Abundance:0), (AtomicNumber:81; Symbol:'Tl'; Name:'Thallium'; AtomicMass:204.3833; HasStableIsotopes:true; Group:0;Period:0;Electronegativity:0;IonizationEnergy:0;AtomicRadius:0;ElectronConfig:'';Density:0;MeltingPoint:0;BoilingPoint:0;OxidationStates:'';Abundance:0), (AtomicNumber:82; Symbol:'Pb'; Name:'Lead'; AtomicMass:207.2; HasStableIsotopes:true; Group:0;Period:0;Electronegativity:0;IonizationEnergy:0;AtomicRadius:0;ElectronConfig:'';Density:0;MeltingPoint:0;BoilingPoint:0;OxidationStates:'';Abundance:0), (AtomicNumber:83; Symbol:'Bi'; Name:'Bismuth'; AtomicMass:208.9804; HasStableIsotopes:true; Group:0;Period:0;Electronegativity:0;IonizationEnergy:0;AtomicRadius:0;ElectronConfig:'';Density:0;MeltingPoint:0;BoilingPoint:0;OxidationStates:'';Abundance:0), (AtomicNumber:84; Symbol:'Po'; Name:'Polonium'; AtomicMass:209; HasStableIsotopes:false; Group:0;Period:0;Electronegativity:0;IonizationEnergy:0;AtomicRadius:0;ElectronConfig:'';Density:0;MeltingPoint:0;BoilingPoint:0;OxidationStates:'';Abundance:0), (AtomicNumber:85; Symbol:'At'; Name:'Astatine'; AtomicMass:210; HasStableIsotopes:false; Group:0;Period:0;Electronegativity:0;IonizationEnergy:0;AtomicRadius:0;ElectronConfig:'';Density:0;MeltingPoint:0;BoilingPoint:0;OxidationStates:'';Abundance:0), (AtomicNumber:86; Symbol:'Rn'; Name:'Radon'; AtomicMass:222; HasStableIsotopes:false; Group:0;Period:0;Electronegativity:0;IonizationEnergy:0;AtomicRadius:0;ElectronConfig:'';Density:0;MeltingPoint:0;BoilingPoint:0;OxidationStates:'';Abundance:0), (AtomicNumber:87; Symbol:'Fr'; Name:'Francium'; AtomicMass:223; HasStableIsotopes:false; Group:0;Period:0;Electronegativity:0;IonizationEnergy:0;AtomicRadius:0;ElectronConfig:'';Density:0;MeltingPoint:0;BoilingPoint:0;OxidationStates:'';Abundance:0), (AtomicNumber:88; Symbol:'Ra'; Name:'Radium'; AtomicMass:226; HasStableIsotopes:false; Group:0;Period:0;Electronegativity:0;IonizationEnergy:0;AtomicRadius:0;ElectronConfig:'';Density:0;MeltingPoint:0;BoilingPoint:0;OxidationStates:'';Abundance:0), (AtomicNumber:89; Symbol:'Ac'; Name:'Actinium'; AtomicMass:227; HasStableIsotopes:false; Group:0;Period:0;Electronegativity:0;IonizationEnergy:0;AtomicRadius:0;ElectronConfig:'';Density:0;MeltingPoint:0;BoilingPoint:0;OxidationStates:'';Abundance:0), (AtomicNumber:90; Symbol:'Th'; Name:'Thorium'; AtomicMass:232.03806; HasStableIsotopes:true; Group:0;Period:0;Electronegativity:0;IonizationEnergy:0;AtomicRadius:0;ElectronConfig:'';Density:0;MeltingPoint:0;BoilingPoint:0;OxidationStates:'';Abundance:0), (AtomicNumber:91; Symbol:'Pa'; Name:'Protactinium'; AtomicMass:231.0588; HasStableIsotopes:true; Group:0;Period:0;Electronegativity:0;IonizationEnergy:0;AtomicRadius:0;ElectronConfig:'';Density:0;MeltingPoint:0;BoilingPoint:0;OxidationStates:'';Abundance:0), (AtomicNumber:92; Symbol:'U'; Name:'Uranium'; AtomicMass:238.02891; HasStableIsotopes:true; Group:0;Period:0;Electronegativity:0;IonizationEnergy:0;AtomicRadius:0;ElectronConfig:'';Density:0;MeltingPoint:0;BoilingPoint:0;OxidationStates:'';Abundance:0), (AtomicNumber:93; Symbol:'Np'; Name:'Neptunium'; AtomicMass:237; HasStableIsotopes:false; Group:0;Period:0;Electronegativity:0;IonizationEnergy:0;AtomicRadius:0;ElectronConfig:'';Density:0;MeltingPoint:0;BoilingPoint:0;OxidationStates:'';Abundance:0), (AtomicNumber:94; Symbol:'Pu'; Name:'Plutonium'; AtomicMass:244; HasStableIsotopes:false; Group:0;Period:0;Electronegativity:0;IonizationEnergy:0;AtomicRadius:0;ElectronConfig:'';Density:0;MeltingPoint:0;BoilingPoint:0;OxidationStates:'';Abundance:0), (AtomicNumber:95; Symbol:'Am'; Name:'Americium'; AtomicMass:243; HasStableIsotopes:false; Group:0;Period:0;Electronegativity:0;IonizationEnergy:0;AtomicRadius:0;ElectronConfig:'';Density:0;MeltingPoint:0;BoilingPoint:0;OxidationStates:'';Abundance:0), (AtomicNumber:96; Symbol:'Cm'; Name:'Curium'; AtomicMass:247; HasStableIsotopes:false; Group:0;Period:0;Electronegativity:0;IonizationEnergy:0;AtomicRadius:0;ElectronConfig:'';Density:0;MeltingPoint:0;BoilingPoint:0;OxidationStates:'';Abundance:0), (AtomicNumber:97; Symbol:'Bk'; Name:'Berkelium'; AtomicMass:247; HasStableIsotopes:false; Group:0;Period:0;Electronegativity:0;IonizationEnergy:0;AtomicRadius:0;ElectronConfig:'';Density:0;MeltingPoint:0;BoilingPoint:0;OxidationStates:'';Abundance:0), (AtomicNumber:98; Symbol:'Cf'; Name:'Californium'; AtomicMass:251; HasStableIsotopes:false; Group:0;Period:0;Electronegativity:0;IonizationEnergy:0;AtomicRadius:0;ElectronConfig:'';Density:0;MeltingPoint:0;BoilingPoint:0;OxidationStates:'';Abundance:0), (AtomicNumber:99; Symbol:'Es'; Name:'Einsteinium'; AtomicMass:252; HasStableIsotopes:false; Group:0;Period:0;Electronegativity:0;IonizationEnergy:0;AtomicRadius:0;ElectronConfig:'';Density:0;MeltingPoint:0;BoilingPoint:0;OxidationStates:'';Abundance:0), (AtomicNumber:100; Symbol:'Fm'; Name:'Fermium'; AtomicMass:257; HasStableIsotopes:false; Group:0;Period:0;Electronegativity:0;IonizationEnergy:0;AtomicRadius:0;ElectronConfig:'';Density:0;MeltingPoint:0;BoilingPoint:0;OxidationStates:'';Abundance:0), (AtomicNumber:101; Symbol:'Md'; Name:'Mendelevium'; AtomicMass:258; HasStableIsotopes:false; Group:0;Period:0;Electronegativity:0;IonizationEnergy:0;AtomicRadius:0;ElectronConfig:'';Density:0;MeltingPoint:0;BoilingPoint:0;OxidationStates:'';Abundance:0), (AtomicNumber:102; Symbol:'No'; Name:'Nobelium'; AtomicMass:259; HasStableIsotopes:false; Group:0;Period:0;Electronegativity:0;IonizationEnergy:0;AtomicRadius:0;ElectronConfig:'';Density:0;MeltingPoint:0;BoilingPoint:0;OxidationStates:'';Abundance:0), (AtomicNumber:103; Symbol:'Lr'; Name:'Lawrencium'; AtomicMass:262; HasStableIsotopes:false; Group:0;Period:0;Electronegativity:0;IonizationEnergy:0;AtomicRadius:0;ElectronConfig:'';Density:0;MeltingPoint:0;BoilingPoint:0;OxidationStates:'';Abundance:0), (AtomicNumber:104; Symbol:'Rf'; Name:'Rutherfordium'; AtomicMass:267; HasStableIsotopes:false; Group:0;Period:0;Electronegativity:0;IonizationEnergy:0;AtomicRadius:0;ElectronConfig:'';Density:0;MeltingPoint:0;BoilingPoint:0;OxidationStates:'';Abundance:0), (AtomicNumber:105; Symbol:'Db'; Name:'Dubnium'; AtomicMass:268; HasStableIsotopes:false; Group:0;Period:0;Electronegativity:0;IonizationEnergy:0;AtomicRadius:0;ElectronConfig:'';Density:0;MeltingPoint:0;BoilingPoint:0;OxidationStates:'';Abundance:0), (AtomicNumber:106; Symbol:'Sg'; Name:'Seaborgium'; AtomicMass:271; HasStableIsotopes:false; Group:0;Period:0;Electronegativity:0;IonizationEnergy:0;AtomicRadius:0;ElectronConfig:'';Density:0;MeltingPoint:0;BoilingPoint:0;OxidationStates:'';Abundance:0), (AtomicNumber:107; Symbol:'Bh'; Name:'Bohrium'; AtomicMass:272; HasStableIsotopes:false; Group:0;Period:0;Electronegativity:0;IonizationEnergy:0;AtomicRadius:0;ElectronConfig:'';Density:0;MeltingPoint:0;BoilingPoint:0;OxidationStates:'';Abundance:0), (AtomicNumber:108; Symbol:'Hs'; Name:'Hassium'; AtomicMass:270; HasStableIsotopes:false; Group:0;Period:0;Electronegativity:0;IonizationEnergy:0;AtomicRadius:0;ElectronConfig:'';Density:0;MeltingPoint:0;BoilingPoint:0;OxidationStates:'';Abundance:0), (AtomicNumber:109; Symbol:'Mt'; Name:'Meitnerium'; AtomicMass:276; HasStableIsotopes:false; Group:0;Period:0;Electronegativity:0;IonizationEnergy:0;AtomicRadius:0;ElectronConfig:'';Density:0;MeltingPoint:0;BoilingPoint:0;OxidationStates:'';Abundance:0), (AtomicNumber:110; Symbol:'Ds'; Name:'Darmstadtium'; AtomicMass:281; HasStableIsotopes:false; Group:0;Period:0;Electronegativity:0;IonizationEnergy:0;AtomicRadius:0;ElectronConfig:'';Density:0;MeltingPoint:0;BoilingPoint:0;OxidationStates:'';Abundance:0), (AtomicNumber:111; Symbol:'Rg'; Name:'Roentgenium'; AtomicMass:280; HasStableIsotopes:false; Group:0;Period:0;Electronegativity:0;IonizationEnergy:0;AtomicRadius:0;ElectronConfig:'';Density:0;MeltingPoint:0;BoilingPoint:0;OxidationStates:'';Abundance:0), (AtomicNumber:112; Symbol:'Cn'; Name:'Copernicium'; AtomicMass:285; HasStableIsotopes:false; Group:0;Period:0;Electronegativity:0;IonizationEnergy:0;AtomicRadius:0;ElectronConfig:'';Density:0;MeltingPoint:0;BoilingPoint:0;OxidationStates:'';Abundance:0), (AtomicNumber:113; Symbol:'Nh'; Name:'Nihonium'; AtomicMass:286; HasStableIsotopes:false; Group:0;Period:0;Electronegativity:0;IonizationEnergy:0;AtomicRadius:0;ElectronConfig:'';Density:0;MeltingPoint:0;BoilingPoint:0;OxidationStates:'';Abundance:0), (AtomicNumber:114; Symbol:'Fl'; Name:'Flerovium'; AtomicMass:289; HasStableIsotopes:false; Group:0;Period:0;Electronegativity:0;IonizationEnergy:0;AtomicRadius:0;ElectronConfig:'';Density:0;MeltingPoint:0;BoilingPoint:0;OxidationStates:'';Abundance:0), (AtomicNumber:115; Symbol:'Mc'; Name:'Moscovium'; AtomicMass:290; HasStableIsotopes:false; Group:0;Period:0;Electronegativity:0;IonizationEnergy:0;AtomicRadius:0;ElectronConfig:'';Density:0;MeltingPoint:0;BoilingPoint:0;OxidationStates:'';Abundance:0), (AtomicNumber:116; Symbol:'Lv'; Name:'Livermorium'; AtomicMass:293; HasStableIsotopes:false; Group:0;Period:0;Electronegativity:0;IonizationEnergy:0;AtomicRadius:0;ElectronConfig:'';Density:0;MeltingPoint:0;BoilingPoint:0;OxidationStates:'';Abundance:0), (AtomicNumber:117; Symbol:'Ts'; Name:'Tennessine'; AtomicMass:294; HasStableIsotopes:false; Group:0;Period:0;Electronegativity:0;IonizationEnergy:0;AtomicRadius:0;ElectronConfig:'';Density:0;MeltingPoint:0;BoilingPoint:0;OxidationStates:'';Abundance:0), (AtomicNumber:118; Symbol:'Og'; Name:'Oganesson'; AtomicMass:294; HasStableIsotopes:false; Group:0;Period:0;Electronegativity:0;IonizationEnergy:0;AtomicRadius:0;ElectronConfig:'';Density:0;MeltingPoint:0;BoilingPoint:0;OxidationStates:'';Abundance:0), ); implementation { TElementHelper impl } function TElementHelper.ToRecord: TElementRecord; begin Result := Elements[Self]; end; function TElementHelper.Symbol: string; begin Result := Elements[Self].Symbol; end; function TElementHelper.Name: string; begin Result := Elements[Self].Name; end; // Including HasStableIsotopes bracket convention function TElementHelper.MassString: string; begin if not Elements[Self].HasStableIsotopes then Result := Format('(%s)', [ FloatToStr(Elements[Self].AtomicMass) ]); else Result := FloatToStr(Elements[Self].AtomicMass); end; function TElementHelper.MassValue: Double; begin Result := Elements[Self].AtomicMass; end; class function TElementHelper.Count: Integer; begin Result := Length(Elements); end; class function TElementHelper.FromSymbol(const ASym: string): TElement; var e: TElement; begin for e := Low(TElement) to High(TElement) do if CompareText(Elements[e].Symbol, ASym) = 0 then Exit(e); raise Exception.CreateFmt('Symbol %s not found', [ASym]); end; class function TElementHelper.FromMass(const AMass, ATolerance: Double): TArray<TElement>; var e: TElement; L: TList<TElement>; begin L := TList<TElement>.Create; try for e := Low(TElement) to High(TElement) do if Abs(Elements[e].AtomicMass - AMass) <= ATolerance then L.Add(e); Result := L.ToArray; finally L.Free; end; end; end. Edit: I forgot to add a little how-to-use example program PeriodicTableDemo; {$APPTYPE CONSOLE} uses System.SysUtils, PeriodicTable; var e : TElement; rec : TElementRecord; matches : TArray<TElement>; i : Integer; begin try // 1) Total count of elements Writeln('Total elements: ', TElementHelper.Count); // 2) Lookup for symbol „Fe“ e := TElementHelper.FromSymbol('Fe'); rec := e.ToRecord; Writeln(Format('Element %d: %s – %s, Mass = %s u', [rec.AtomicNumber, rec.Symbol, rec.Name, e.MassString])); // 3) Search for elements with mass ≈ 1.00794 matches := TElementHelper.FromMass(1.00794, 1e-4); if Length(matches) = 0 then Writeln('No matching elements found.') else begin Writeln('Matches for mass ≈ 1.00794:'); for i := 0 to High(matches) do begin e := matches[i]; rec := e.ToRecord; Writeln(Format(' %s (%s), AtomicNumber = %d', [rec.Symbol, rec.Name, rec.AtomicNumber])); end; end; // 4) Iteration over all elements Writeln('Erste 5 Elemente im Periodensystem:'); for i := 0 to Min(4, TElementHelper.Count-1) do begin e := TElement(i); rec := e.ToRecord; Writeln(Format('%2d: %s – %s, Mass = %s u', [rec.AtomicNumber, rec.Symbol, rec.Name, e.MassString])); end; except on E: Exception do Writeln('Error: ', E.ClassName, ': ', E.Message); end; end.

I agree - but here's a few examples of where I've used it: // Using absolute to rename a public API function while maintaining backward compatibility: // - MyFunction is the old API entrypoint. // - NewNameSameFunction is the new API entrypoint. type TMyDelegate = procedure(X, Y, Z: Single); var NewNameSameFunction: TMyDelegate var MyFunction: TMyDelegate absolute NewNameSameFunction deprecated 'Use NewNameSameFunction instead'; // Same with global vars: type TLUT88 = array[byte, byte] of byte; var DivMul255Table: TLUT88; MulDiv255Table: TLUT88; var RcTable: TLUT88 absolute DivMul255Table; DivTable: TLUT88 absolute MulDiv255Table; // Casting between "uncastable" types without pointers procedure FooBar(const X1, Y1, X2, Y2: Single) var Y1bin: Cardinal absolute Y1; Y2bin: Cardinal absolute Y2; begin // Fast way of testing if a Single is zero; Same as "if (Y1 = 0) and (Y2 = 0) then" but faster. if (Y1bin shl 1 = 0) and (Y2bin shl 1 = 0) then Exit; ... end;

I would like to share the following in case you encounter the same issue. Class and Record Helpers (Delphi) - RAD Studio states that: Actually, this is not entirely correct. Consider the following: Unit HelperUnit1.pas: TObjectHelper1 = class helper for TObject procedure Test; end; Unit2 HelperUnit2.pas: TObjectHelper2 = class helper for TObject procedure Test; end; Unit SupportClasses,pas: uses HelperUnit1; type TMyClass: class end; Unit MainUnit.pas interface implementation uses SupportClasses, HelperUnit2; begin var MyClass:= TMyClass.Create; MyClass.Test; end; MyClass.Test will use the HelperUnit1.TObjectHelper1.Test implementation even if HelperUnit1 is not even in scope, let alone being "in nearest scope". So it appears that if a class helper is in scope where a class is defined, it is used unconditionally in all units of a project. If not, then what it is stated in the documentation applies.

May explain an old bug report I file where adding a second record helper (access to private as a bug fix) lower down in a unit would be ignored. There may be a workaround for class helpers, in this case you can inherit from the original class helper. THelper2 = class helper(THelper1) for TMyClass

It has nothing to do with assignment. It's pretty rare for absolute to be useful. Pretend it doesn't exists, and you'll get a long way.

Use High(MyArray) instead; It clearly communicates what your intentions are. IMO, using Succ and Pred for anything other than enumerations is like using Assigned on pointers (even object pointers). On delegates it makes sense, but for everything else I think (FooBar <> nil) is more readable and better communicate intention than Assigned(FooBar). I'm sure everybody agrees with me on that 😉

It survives the change from Integer to an enumeration type.

I don't understand the question but... while absolute has its uses, in this case it would IMO just be laziness on the part of the developer. And what's up with the use of pred? Since when did that become more readable than -1 ?

Nice. To handle it more effectively, I would encapsulate this const array in an Enum with a record helper. That allows to add a lot of convenience functions around this table and offers a nice and effective Enum handle.

One could make it a const array of records where mass would be a number instead of a string

We have released new updates of all products: Pascal Analyzer 9.16 Pascal Expert 9.16 Pascal Browser 3.5.37 It is possible to download evaluation versions, and also to view the entire documentation online. Go to Peganza for more information. If you are new to the products, we recommend our Youtube video (18 minutes) that describes Pascal Analyzer, with examples and a short demo. Here are the changelogs for these updates: Pascal Analyzer 9.16.0 May 14, 2025 new parameters for PALCMD: if /L used to apply a limits file, then /LB only displays "bad" results (worse than the limit), and /LG only "good" results (better than the limit) otherwise both "bad" and "good" results will be displayed new section in Uses Report: USES9-"Optimal order per module", for each module (unit) shows uses lists, in optimized order, easy to copy from report to code improved STWA4-"Index error", now detects more cases STWA5-"Possible bad pointer usage" now also reports bad typecasts when pointers are involved (this is also reported by STWA6-"Possible bad typecast") improved STWA6-"Possible bad typecast" will now also warn when a smaller variable is typecast to a Pointer improved STWA5-"Bad pointer usage", displays reason for warning, makes it easier to understand improved STWA6-"Possible bad typecast", displays reason for warning, makes it easier to understand improved help texts, and added some new content improved WARN52-"Possible bad assignment", displays reason for warning, makes it easier to understand improved WARN56-"Parameter to FreeAndNil is not an object", now detects more cases improved WARN63-"Mismatch parameter value (32/64-bits)", displays reason for warning, makes it easier to understand many lowlevel parser improvements when selecting sections for a report, the display follows the selected section mask for the project Uses Report, simplified output text, now for example does not write "in interface" for units that are listed in uses interface list etc fixed a problem with inline var declarations fixed sorting for report sections displaying locations fixed some sorting issues in reports removed some formally correct but unneeded warnings in WARN60-"Condition evaluates to constant value" removed false positives for WARN55-"Redeclares ancestor member, or method in helped class/record" changed OPTI7-"Subprograms with local subprograms"; reported the local subprograms themselves, but now reports the subprograms having local subprograms a few report sections added an unneeded extra blank line between items column widths were too big for INCA2-"Inconsistent case for different identifiers with same name" some warning messages were output twice fields in a class were not reported by WARN2="Interfaced class identifiers that are public/published, but not used outside of unit" fixed error with CONV12-"Identifiers that have unsuitable names" Pascal Expert 9.16.0 May 14, 2025 improved STWA4-"Index error", now detects more cases STWA5-"Possible bad pointer usage" now also reports bad typecasts when pointers are involved (this is also reported by STWA6-"Possible bad typecast") improved STWA6-"Possible bad typecast", will now also warn when a smaller variable is typecast to a Pointer improved STWA5-"Bad pointer usage", displays reason for warning, makes it easier to understand improved STWA6-"Possible bad typecast", displays reason for warning, makes it easier to understand improved help texts, and added some new content improved WARN52-"Possible bad assignment", displays reason for warning, makes it easier to understand improved WARN56-"Parameter to FreeAndNil is not an object", now detects more cases improved WARN63-"Mismatch parameter value (32/64-bits)", displays reason for warning, makes it easier to understand many lowlevel parser improvements fixed a problem with inline var declarations removed some formally correct but unneeded warnings in WARN60-"Condition evaluates to constant value" removed false positives for WARN55-"Redeclares ancestor member, or method in helped class/record" changed OPTI7-"Subprograms with local subprograms"; reported the local subprograms themselves, but now reports the subprograms having local subprograms some warning messages were output twice fields in a class were not reported by WARN2="Interfaced class identifiers that are public/published, but not used outside of unit" fixed error with CONV12-"Identifiers that have unsuitable names" Pascal Browser 3.5.37 May 14, 2025 many lowlevel parser improvements fixed a problem with inline var declarations

Ouch. I think that article will do more harm than good (with regard to map2pdb). There are simply too many errors in it; E.g. all the command lines have been mangled. - and map2pdb has moved to Github: https://github.com/andersmelander/map2pdb

👍 Very nice place. Also quick bus to Amsterdam center nearby. Plenty of herring and smoked eel availble.

Have you tried unit Unit2; interface uses Unit1; type TControlHelper = class helper(Unit1.TControlHelper) for TControl end; implementation end. (Haven't tried myself, but logically, I think it would work)

The TGlyph type being private and Glyph property being protected makes everything a bit cumbersome. Fortunately there is a trick to inject a message handler without subclassing. type TEditButtonHelper = class helper for TEditButton public procedure LinkMessageHandler; end; TGlyphMessageHandler = class(TWinControlMessageHandler) protected function HandleMessage(var Message: TMessage): Boolean; override; end; function TGlyphMessageHandler.HandleMessage(var Message: TMessage): Boolean; begin var edt := TButtonedEdit(Control.Parent); case Message.Msg of WM_LBUTTONDOWN: edt.PasswordChar := #0; WM_LBUTTONUP: edt.PasswordChar := '*'; end; Result := inherited; end; procedure TEditButtonHelper.LinkMessageHandler; begin Glyph.InitMessageHandler(TGlyphMessageHandler); end; procedure TForm1.FormCreate(Sender: TObject); begin ButtonedEdit1.RightButton.LinkMessageHandler; end;

Well, as of today, it uses a binary search and has a much stricter parser.

Hi, i just made a new performance profiler for delphi 12 that have the advantage to work on iOS and Android too! it's about instrumenting the source code, it's work pretty well. you can found it here : https://github.com/MagicFoundation/Alcinoe?tab=readme-ov-file#alcinoe-code-profiler

I'll take that opportunity and talk about it for an entire session at the Delphi Day and the Delphi Summit (the schedule still lists me talking about spring4d but for once I pass on that topic) 😉